test for pcos

Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - American ...

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects the level of female hormones.

Women with PCOS produce a higher number than normal male hormone. This hormone imbalance causing them to pass through the menstrual period and make it more difficult for them to conceive.

PCOS also causes hair growth on the face and body, and baldness. And it can cause long term health problems such as and.

Birth control pills and diabetes medications can help repair and improve the symptoms of hormone imbalance.

Read on for a look at the causes of PCOS and its effects on a woman's body.

PCOS is a hormonal problem that affects women during their childbearing years (ages 15 to 44). Between 2.2 and 26.7 percent of women in this age group had PCOS (,).

Many women have PCOS but do not know it. In one study, up to 70 percent of women with PCOS have not been diagnosed ()

PCOS affects the ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce estrogen and progesterone -. Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. Ovaries also produce small amounts of male hormones called androgens.

ovary releases an egg to be fertilized by sperm. Release an egg every month is called ovulation.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) control ovulation. FSH stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles - the sacs of eggs -. And then LH trigger the ovaries to release a mature egg

PCOS is a "syndrome," or group of symptoms that affect the ovaries and ovulation. Its three main features are:

In PCOS, many small, fluid-filled sacs in the ovary grows. The word "Polycystic" means "many cysts."

This bag is actually follicles, each containing immature eggs. The eggs never mature enough to trigger ovulation.

The lack of ovulation alter levels of estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH. Estrogen and progesterone are lower than usual, while the higher androgen levels than usual.

extra male hormones interfere with the menstrual cycle, so that women with PCOS get a period less than usual.

PCOS is not a new condition. Italian doctor Antonio Vallisneri first described the symptoms in 1721 ().

Doctors do not know exactly what causes PCOS. They believe that high levels of male hormones prevent the ovaries from producing hormones and make a normal egg.

The gene, insulin resistance, and inflammation have all been associated with excessive androgen production.

Studies have shown that PCOS runs in families ()

is likely that many genes -. not just one -. contribute to the condition ()

up to 70 percent of women with PCOS have, which means that their cells can not use insulin properly ().

Insulin is a hormone the pancreas produces to help the body use sugar from food for energy.

When cells can not use insulin properly, the body's demand for insulin increases. pancreas make more insulin to compensate. Extra insulin triggers the ovaries to produce more male hormones.

is the main cause of insulin resistance. Both obesity and insulin resistance can increase the risk for ().

Women with PCOS often increased levels of inflammation in their bodies. Being overweight can also contribute to inflammation. Studies have linked excess inflammation to a higher androgen levels ().

Some women begin to notice symptoms around the time of their first period. , Others just find they have PCOS after they gained a lot of weight or they had difficulty conceiving

Symptoms of PCOS is the most common are:

It has a higher than expected levels of androgens normally can affect your fertility and other aspects of your health.

to get pregnant, you should ovulate. Women who do not ovulate regularly do not release an egg to be fertilized. PCOS is a leading cause in women ().

Up to 80 percent of women with PCOS are overweight or obese (). Both obesity and PCOS are at increased risk for high blood sugar ,, low HDL ( "good") cholesterol, and high LDL ( "bad") cholesterol.

Together, these factors are called, and they are increasing. the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and

This condition causes repeated pauses in breathing during the night, disturbing sleep

is more common in women who are overweight -. especially if they also have PCOS. The risk for sleep apnea is 5 to 10 times higher in obese women with PCOS than those without PCOS ().

During ovulation, the uterine lining sheds. IfYou do not ovulate each month, the coating can build.

A thickened uterine lining can increase the risk for ().

Both hormonal changes and symptoms such as unwanted hair growth negatively affects your emotions cans. Many with PCOS end up experiencing and anxiety ()

Doctors usually diagnose PCOS in women who have at least two of the three symptoms () :.

Your doctor should also ask if you 'have had symptoms such as acne, facial and body hair growth, and weight.

A can look for problems with the ovaries or other parts of your reproductive tract. During this test, the doctor inserts a gloved finger into your vagina and check for any growth in the ovaries or uterus.

Blood tests check for higher than normal levels of male hormones. You may also have blood tests to check, insulin and triglyceride levels you to evaluate the risk for related conditions such as heart disease and diabetes.

A uses sound waves to look for abnormal follicles and other problems with your ovaries and uterus.

PCOS interrupt the normal menstrual cycle and make it harder to get pregnant. Between 70 and 80 percent of women with PCOS have fertility problems ().

This condition can also increase the risk.

Women with PCOS are twice as likely as women without the condition to deliver their babies prematurely. They are also at greater risk for miscarriage, high blood pressure, and ().

However, women with PCOS get pregnant using that boost ovulation. Losing weight and lower blood sugar levels can increase your chances of having a healthy pregnancy.

Treatment for PCOS usually begins with lifestyle changes such as weight loss, diet, and exercise.

losing just 5 to 10 percent of your body weight can help regulate your menstrual cycle and improve the symptoms of PCOS (,). can also raise cholesterol levels, lower insulin and reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Any diet that helps you lose weight can help your condition. However, some diets may have an edge over others.

The study compared diet to PCOS have found that effective both for weight loss and lowering insulin levels. A low (low-GI) diet that got the most carbohydrates from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains help regulate the menstrual cycle better than diet on a regular weight loss ().

Some studies have found that 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise at least three days a week can help women with PCOS to lose weight. Lose weight with exercise also improves ovulation and insulin levels ().

Exercise is even more advantageous when combined with a healthy diet. Diet and exercise help you lose more weight than either intervention alone, and lower your risk for diabetes and heart disease ().

There is some evidence that acupuncture may help to improve PCOS, but more research is needed ().

Pill and other medicines can help regulate the menstrual cycle and treat PCOS symptoms such as hair growth and acne.

Taking estrogen and progestin daily can restore normal hormonal balance, regulate ovulation, relieve symptoms such as excessive hair growth, and protect against endometrial cancer. These hormones come in, or.

(Glucophage, Fortamet) is a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes also treat PCOS by increasing insulin levels.

One study found that taking while making changes in diet and exercise promotes weight loss, lowering blood sugar, and restore normal menstrual cycles better than changes in diet and exercise alone ().

Clomiphene (Clomid) is to help women with PCOS get pregnant. However, it increases the risk of twins and other multiple births ().

Some treatments may help get rid of unwanted hair or stop it from growing. Eflornithine (Vaniqa) cream is a prescription drug that slows hair growth. and can get rid of unwanted hair on the face and body.

Surgery may be an option to increase fertility if other treatments do not do the job. Ovarian drilling is a procedure that makes small holes in the ovaries with a laser or a heated needle thin to restore normal ovulation

See your doctor if :.

If you have PCOS, plan regular visits with your primary care physician. You need regular tests to check for diabetes, high blood pressure, and other possible complications.

PCOS can interfere with a woman's menstrual cycle and make it harder to get pregnant. High levels of male hormone also causes unwanted Symptoms such as hair growth on the face and body.

Lifestyle intervention is the first treatment doctors recommend for PCOS, and they often work well. Weight loss can treat the symptoms of PCOS and increase the chances of getting pregnant. Diet and aerobic exercise are two effective ways to lose weight.

Drugs is an option if lifestyle changes do not do the job. Pill and metformin either can restore normal menstrual cycles and relieve the symptoms of PCOS.

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